<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPython, 1991’den beri geli\u015ftirilen genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir programlama dilidir. Okunabilir yaz\u0131m bi\u00e7imi sayesinde yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in en rahat giri\u015f noktalar\u0131ndan biri. Ayn\u0131 dil web geli\u015ftirmede, otomasyonda, veri biliminde ve makine \u00f6\u011frenmesinde de kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kod yazmadan \u00f6nce bilgisayar\u0131n Python’u anlayacak bir yorumlay\u0131c\u0131ya (interpreter)<\/strong> ihtiyac\u0131 var. Yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n .py<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131r sat\u0131r okuyup \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran program bu. Kurulum dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey, o yorumlay\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 makineye yerle\u015ftirmek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Hangi Python S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130ndirmeliyim?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nK\u0131sa cevap: python.org’daki en g\u00fcncel kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nEski bir e\u011fitim videosunda “Python 2.7 kur” gibi bir tavsiye g\u00f6r\u00fcrsen ge\u00e7. Python 2 y\u0131llar \u00f6nce deste\u011fini kaybetti ve bug\u00fcn yaz\u0131lan k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin hi\u00e7biri onu hedeflemiyor. Bu serideki her \u015fey Python 3<\/strong> i\u00e7indir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u00d6nemli bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131 daha var. \u0130ndirme sayfas\u0131nda ana s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra “pre-release” (\u00f6n s\u00fcr\u00fcm) etiketli se\u00e7enekler de \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Onlar\u0131 atla. \u00d6\u011frenme a\u015famas\u0131nda deneme s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne ihtiyac\u0131n yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Windows’ta Python Kurulumu<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nWindows kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7ok hata yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm bu, o y\u00fczden dikkatle oku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Ad\u0131m 1: Y\u00fckleyiciyi \u0130ndir<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- Taray\u0131c\u0131nda python.org\/downloads<\/strong> adresine git.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Sayfan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki sar\u0131 “Download Python 3.x.x”<\/strong> butonuna t\u0131kla.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0130nen
.exe<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Ad\u0131m 2: “Add Python to PATH” Kutusunu \u0130\u015faretle<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nY\u00fckleyicinin ilk ekran\u0131nda altta iki kutu g\u00f6receksin. “Add python.exe to PATH”<\/strong> yazan\u0131 mutlaka i\u015faretle. Sonra “Install Now”<\/strong> de.<\/p>\n\n\n\nBu kutuyu i\u015faretlemeyi unutmak, yeni ba\u015flayanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelen en klasik sorun. Ben de ilk kurulumumda atlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m ve yar\u0131m saat boyunca terminale “python” yaz\u0131p “tan\u0131nm\u0131yor” hatas\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nPATH nedir?<\/strong> Windows’un, bir komut yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda program\u0131 hangi klas\u00f6rlerde arayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten liste. Python’un klas\u00f6r\u00fc bu listede yoksa terminal python<\/code> komutunu bulamaz. Program kurulu oldu\u011fu halde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Ad\u0131m 3: Kurulumu Bitir<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nY\u00fckleme birka\u00e7 dakika s\u00fcrer. Sonunda “Setup was successful”<\/strong> mesaj\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrsen tamamd\u0131r. Bazen “Disable path length limit” ad\u0131nda bir se\u00e7enek de \u00e7\u0131kar. T\u0131klamanda bir sak\u0131nca yok, uzun klas\u00f6r yollar\u0131nda ileride sorun ya\u015faman\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>macOS’ta Python Kurulumu<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMac’te iki yol var. Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in en az s\u00fcrprizli olan\u0131 resmi y\u00fckleyici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Resmi Y\u00fckleyici ile<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- python.org\/downloads<\/strong> sayfas\u0131ndan macOS y\u00fckleyicisini (
.pkg<\/code>) indir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n- Dosyay\u0131 a\u00e7 ve ekrandaki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 takip et.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kurulum bitince Applications klas\u00f6r\u00fcnde bir “Python 3.x” klas\u00f6r\u00fc olu\u015facak.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Homebrew ile (Terminal Seviyorsan)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nHomebrew kuruluysa tek sat\u0131r yeter:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# Homebrew ile Python 3'\u00fc kur\nbrew install python<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u00d6nemli:<\/strong> Mac’te sistemle gelen eski bir Python bulunabilir. Terminalde python<\/code> yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayabilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc macOS’ta komutun ad\u0131 genellikle python3<\/code><\/strong>. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bunu da test edece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Linux’ta Python Kurulumu<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u00c7o\u011fu Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda Python 3 zaten y\u00fckl\u00fc gelir. \u00d6nce kontrol et. Yoksa paket y\u00f6neticisiyle kur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ubuntu \/ Debian i\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n# Paket listesini g\u00fcncelle\nsudo apt update\n\n# Python 3, pip ve sanal ortam deste\u011fini kur\nsudo apt install python3 python3-pip python3-venv<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nFedora i\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n# Fedora'da Python 3 ve pip kurulumu\nsudo dnf install python3 python3-pip<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\npython3-venv<\/code> paketini atlama. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc derste sanal ortam kuraca\u011f\u0131z ve Ubuntu’da bu paket olmadan venv<\/code> hata verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Kurulumu Test Etme: Python \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor mu?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKurulum bitti diye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayma. Hemen kontrol edelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Windows’ta:<\/strong> Win + R<\/code> tu\u015flar\u0131na bas, cmd<\/code> yaz ve Enter’a bas. Siyah bir pencere a\u00e7\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\nMac ve Linux’ta:<\/strong> Terminal uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u015eimdi \u015fu komutu yaz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# Windows i\u00e7in\npython --version\n\n# Mac ve Linux i\u00e7in\npython3 --version<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nKar\u015f\u0131na \u015funa benzer bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 gelmeli:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Python 3.x.x<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nS\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcysen kurulum ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131. \ud83c\udf89<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>pip \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor mu?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nPython’la birlikte pip<\/strong> adl\u0131 paket y\u00f6neticisi de gelir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri (pandas, numpy gibi) buradan kuraca\u011f\u0131z. Onu da kontrol edelim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n# Windows\npip --version\n\n# Mac ve Linux\npip3 --version<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>\u0130lk Python Kodun: Etkile\u015fimli Mod (REPL)<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTerminalde python<\/code> (Mac\/Linux’ta python3<\/code>) yaz\u0131p Enter’a bas. Sat\u0131r\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda >>><\/code> i\u015fareti \u00e7\u0131kacak. Bu, REPL<\/strong> denen etkile\u015fimli moddur: Python senden komut bekliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n# \u0130lk sat\u0131r kodumuz: ekrana yaz\u0131 yazd\u0131rma\nprint(\"Merhaba, Python!\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Merhaba, Python!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Arka Planda Ne Oldu?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nBu \u00fc\u00e7 ad\u0131mda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Sen sat\u0131r\u0131 yaz\u0131p Enter<\/strong>‘a bast\u0131n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Python yorumlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 sat\u0131r\u0131 okudu ve
print()<\/code> fonksiyonunu tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n- Fonksiyon, parantez i\u00e7indeki metni ekrana bast\u0131 ve yorumlay\u0131c\u0131 yeni bir komut beklemeye d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Bir sat\u0131r kod bir anda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Derleme yok, bekleme yok. Python’un yorumlamal\u0131 bir dil olmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayattaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in \u015funu yaz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# REPL'den \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\nexit()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>S\u0131k Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Kurulum Hatalar\u0131 ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nBunlar\u0131n hepsini kendim ya\u015fad\u0131m ya da yan\u0131mdaki birinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>“python is not recognized” Hatas\u0131 (Windows)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nSebep:<\/strong> Kurulumda PATH kutusu i\u015faretlenmemi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> Y\u00fckleyiciyi tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, Modify<\/strong> se\u00e7ene\u011fine gir ve ilgili ayar\u0131 a\u00e7. Daha temiz sonu\u00e7 i\u00e7in Python’u kald\u0131r\u0131p ba\u015ftan kurman da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Yar\u0131m saat PATH ayar\u0131 kurcalamaktan \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Terminal Microsoft Store’u A\u00e7\u0131yor (Windows)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\npython<\/code> yaz\u0131p Enter’a bast\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Microsoft Store a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yorsa Windows’ta “uygulama y\u00fcr\u00fctme takma ad\u0131” devrede demektir. Windows, ger\u00e7ek Python yerine Store’dan indirmeni \u00f6neriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> Ayarlar > Uygulamalar > Geli\u015fmi\u015f uygulama ayarlar\u0131 > Uygulama y\u00fcr\u00fctme takma adlar\u0131<\/strong> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden Python’a ait iki giri\u015fi kapat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Mac’te “python: command not found”<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nHata mesaj\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce pani\u011fe gerek yok. B\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle komutu python3<\/code> diye yazman gerekiyor. T\u00fcm Mac \u00f6rneklerinde python3<\/code> kullan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Birden Fazla Python S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc Kurulu<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nBilgisayarda farkl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcmler birikebilir. Hangisinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in \u015funu kullan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# Windows: python komutunun hangi dosyay\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ster\nwhere python\n\n# Mac ve Linux\nwhich python3<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131daki yol bekledi\u011fin klas\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6stermiyorsa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k orada ba\u015fl\u0131yor demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Python Kurulumu Sonras\u0131 Kontrol Listesi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nBir sonraki derse ge\u00e7meden \u015funlar\u0131 do\u011frula:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u2705 Terminalde
python --version<\/code> (veya python3 --version<\/code>) bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n- \u2705
pip --version<\/code> hata vermiyor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n- \u2705 REPL’de
print(\"Merhaba, Python!\")<\/code> \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n- \u2705
exit()<\/code> ile REPL’den \u00e7\u0131kabiliyorsun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nD\u00f6rd\u00fc de tamamsa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131n temeli haz\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Python \u00fccretsiz mi?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nEvet. Python a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r, ki\u015fisel ya da ticari kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in herhangi bir \u00fccret \u00f6demezsin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Python kurulumu i\u00e7in internet gerekir mi?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nY\u00fckleyiciyi indirmek i\u00e7in gerekir. Kurulum bittikten sonra Python’la kod yazmak internetsiz de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. K\u00fct\u00fcphane y\u00fcklerken ise tekrar ba\u011flant\u0131ya ihtiya\u00e7 duyacaks\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Python’u Anaconda ile kurmak daha m\u0131 iyi?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAnaconda, veri bilimi i\u00e7in haz\u0131r paketlerle gelen bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m. G\u00fczel bir ara\u00e7 ama ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta hata ay\u0131klamay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rabiliyor. Biz resmi Python ile ba\u015fl\u0131yoruz. Veri bilimi mod\u00fcllerine geldi\u011fimizde ortam y\u00f6netimini zaten kendimiz kuraca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Bilgisayar\u0131m eski, Python \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r m\u0131?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nPython hafif bir dildir. Normal bir ofis bilgisayar\u0131 bu serinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in fazlas\u0131yla yeterli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>S\u0131rada Ne Var?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n